Ukudla Kwenja Yakho Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Uzama ukuthola ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukudla kwenja? Ukudla okunomsoco kungenye yezinto eziningiizidingo eziyisisekelo zezinjafuthi ukudla okunempilo kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulugcina inja yakho iphilile. Ukukhetha ukudla kwenja kungaba nzima, kodwa ekugcineni kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi uzophakela ini inja yakho. Uzofuna ukucabangela izinto ezifana nohlobo lokudla, ikhwalithi yezithako, nezindleko ukuze ulingane nesabelomali sakho. Yenza ucwaningo oluningi ukuze wenze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokudla kwenja yakho. Nansi indlela yokukhetha ukudla kwenja ukuze ugcine inja yakho iphilile futhi ijabule.
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Ukuqonda Inja Enomsoco
Kunolwazi oluningi mayelana nokudla kwe-canine okutholakala laphaya. Izinkulungwane zezinketho zokudla kwezinja ziyatholakala, futhi imibono mayelana nokudla kwe-canine iyahluka phakathi kodokotela bezilwane, abafuyi, abaqeqeshi, nabanye.abanikazi bezinja. Ngisho nochwepheshe abavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi ngohlobo olungcono kakhulu lweukudla kwezinja, ngokwengxenye ngoba ayikho impendulo eyodwa kuphela. Olunye ulwazi olutholayo kungenzeka alunembile noma lungahambisani.Amawebhusayithi athile athembeke kakhulukunabanye, kodwa udokotela wakho wezilwane uhlale eyinsiza engcono kakhulu. Uma usenemibuzo mayelana nokuphakela inja yakho, ungase ufune ukucela ukudluliselwa ku-aisazi sokudla kwezilwane.
Izidingo Eziyisisekelo Zokudla Kwezinja
Zonke izinja zidingaudle amakholori aneleukunikeza amandla emizimbeni yabo nokugcina izisindo ezinempilo. Lawa ma-calories avela kumaprotheni, amafutha, nama-carbohydrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja zidinga amavithamini namaminerali amaningana ukuze zisekele imizimba yazo, njengabantu.
I-1.Amaprotheni abalulekile ekwakheni imisipha futhi ahlukaniswe abe ama-amino acid, asiza ukugcina imisebenzi eminingana yomzimba. Ekudleni kwezinja, amaprotheni ngokuvamile avela enkukhuni, enyameni, noma enhlanzini kodwa angase asebenzise inyama engajwayelekile kangako, njengewundlu.
2.Amafutha aqukethe ama-acids anamafutha, anikeza amandla, asekela ukusebenza kobuchopho, futhi asize ukugcina amalunga enempilo, isikhumba, namajazi. Zonke izinja zidinga amafutha athile ekudleni kwazo, kodwa kakhulu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka emathunjini futhi kuholele ekukhuluphaleni. Amafutha ekudleni kwenja angase avele emafutheni ezilwane kanye/noma emafutheni ezitshalo.
3.Ama-carbohydrate asiza ukuphakamisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla kwenja kube inani elifanele ngaphandle kokungeza amafutha amaningi noma amaprotheni, anikeze amandla aqhubekayo ezinjeni. Ukudla kwenja kungase kube nama-carbohydrate avela ezihlahleni ezifana nelayisi, ummbila, noma ukolweni. Izidlo ezingenazo okusanhlamvu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amazambane noma ezinye isitashi, kodwa kufanele zondliwe ngokuqapha ngenxa yesixhumanisi phakathiukudla okungenanhlamvu kanye ne-dilated cardiomyopathyezinjeni.
4.Amavithamini asiza ukusekela izinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni futhi ayadingeka kuzo zonke izilwane. Izinja zidinga amanani athile amavithamini A, D, E, no-K kanye namavithamini B amaningana.
5.Amaminerali afana ne-calcium, i-phosphorous, insimbi, ithusi, i-zinc, ne-selenium isebenza ukusekela amathambo anempilo nokugcina imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokunyakaza kwemisipha. Ama-electrolyte potassium, chloride, ne-sodium abalulekile ukuze asekele ibhalansi yoketshezi emzimbeni.1
6.Amanzi atholakala ekudleni okuningi kwezinja, okuhlanganisa i-kibble eyomile, futhi ngokuvamile afakwa ohlwini kulebula njengamaphesenti omswakamo. Kunjalo, kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunikeza inja yakho amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani umswakama ekudleni kwayo. Yazi ukuthi izinja ngokuvamile zizophuza amanzi amancane uma zidlaukudla okumanzi.
Ukubaluleka Kokudla Okunomsoco
Ukudla okunomsoco kuqukethe izithako ezihlukahlukene ezihlinzeka ngenani elifanele lama-calories nezakhamzimba ukugcina izinja ziphilile. Isibonelo, ukudla okungalinganiseli okunamaphrotheni amaningi kungase kuthwalise izinso, kodwa umuntu onamaprotheni amancane kakhulu ngeke asekele imisebenzi yomzimba wenja.1Amanye amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile kudingeka engezwe ngamanani afanele ukuze abe nenzuzo futhi aphephe.
Ukudla kwezinja ezithengiswayo kufanele kube nelebula evela ku-Inhlangano Yezikhulu Zokulawula Okuphakelayo zaseMelika, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ebeka izindinganiso zokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo e-United States. Ilebula ye-AAFCO isho ukuthi ukudla kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi zomsoco we-canine ophelele futhi olinganiselayo.
Abanye abantu bancamela ukugwema ukudla okuthengiswayo futhi balungise ukudla kwezinja zabo ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza ukudla kwenja yakho kusuka ekuqaleni kudinga ukunakwa kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphelele futhi kulinganiselwe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokulungiselela okwakhoukudla okuzenzela, funda ukwenza kahle kusayithi elifanaI-BalanceIt.com, futhi uhlale ucela usizo kudokotela wakho wezilwane.
Ukuhlola Izithako Zokudla Kwezinja
Ukudla kwenja okuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-AAFCO akukhona ngempela ukudla kwekhwalithi ephezulu noma okuphansi. Ungathola umbono wekhwalithi yokudla kwezinja ngokubheka uhlu lwezithako, kodwa ikhwalithi yokudla incike kakhulu. Abazali abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo bakhetha ukudla kwezinja zabo ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zabo zokudla okunomsoco, futhi akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokhu inqobo nje uma ukudla kuphelele futhi kulinganiselwe futhi akuqukethe.izithako eziyingozi.
Izithako zokudla kwezinja zikleliswe ngokulandelana kwesisindo kusukela phezulu kuya kwesiphansi, ngakho izithako zokuqala ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu yizona ezakha inqwaba yokudla. Ayikho indinganiso yendawo yonke yekhwalithi yokudla kwezinja, kodwa abaningi bacabangela ukudla okuphezulu ngekhwalithi uma izinto ezisekelwe enyameni zibalwe njengezithako zokuqala ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
Abanye abantu bayathandaukudla kwemvelo, ukudla kokhokho, nomaukudla okuluhlazaequkethe izithako zokudla okuphelele futhi acutshungulwa kancane. Ithiyori iwukuthi imisoco itholakala kakhulu ezinja kulokhu kudla nokuthi azitholi izithasiselo ezingadingekile.2Ukudla okuluhlaza kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha ngenxa yezingozi zezingcezu zamathambo ekudleni okugaywe kancane okungase kulethe ingozi yokuklinywa noma yokubhoboza, nokuba khona kwamagciwane noma izilokazane ezingase zidale ukugula noma izifo enjeni yakho.
Uma usunqume ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, hlaziya ilebula ukuze ukhethe ukudla okuhlangabezana kangcono nezindinganiso zakho.
Ukuhlaziywa Kohlu Lwezithako
Nazi ezinye izithako ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ekudleni kwezinja nokuthi zikwenzelani:
1.Inyama noma inkukhu inikeza amaprotheni. Lona umsipha wesilwane futhi unamanzi, ngakho-ke angase abe nesisindo esingaphezu kwezinye izithako kodwa angabi neqhaza elikhulu kuphrofayili yezakhi.
2.Imikhiqizo yenyama noma yenkukhu nayo ihlinzeka ngamaprotheni futhi ayimbi ngempela ezinjeni. Lezi zivame ukwakhiwa izitho nezinye izingxenye zezilwane kodwa aziqukethe izinwele, izimpondo, amazinyo, noma izinselo.
3.Ukudla okwenziwa ngenyama, inkukhu, noma imikhiqizo yayo esanda kwenziwa yizinguqulo zezithako ezingenhla futhi zinikeza amaprotheni. Lokhu kuqukethe amanzi amancane kunenyama yemisipha futhi ngokuvamile kunomsoco kakhulu.
4.Amafutha ezilwane noma amafutha ezitshalo ahlinzeka ngama-fatty acids futhi anezele ukunambitheka ekudleni. Lawa angase afakwe ohlwini njengama-tocopherol axubile, aphinde asebenze njengezilondolozi.
5.Izithako zezitshalo, njengerayisi, ummbila, isoya, ibhali, amazambane, nophizi kwengeza imisoco nama-calories ekudleni kwezinja. Izitashi ziphinde zisize ukudla okomile kuhlale ndawonye kuma-kibbles.
I-6.I-fiber yokudla ingase ihlanganise izithako ezifana ne-inulin, i-cellulose eyimpuphu, i-pulp ye-beet eyomile, impande eyomisiwe ye-chicory, ne-fructooligosaccharide.3
7.Ama-preservatives ayadingeka ukugcina ukudla okomile kukusha futhi kuphephile. Ungase ubone izilondolozi zokwenziwa ezifana ne-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), i-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ne-ethoxyquin. Izilondolozi zemvelo zihlanganisa uvithamini E (owaziwa nangokuthi i-tocopherol), uvithamini C (owaziwa nangokuthi i-ascorbic acid), kanye ne-rosemary extract. Okunye ukudla kwezinja kuqukethe inhlanganisela yezilondolozi zemvelo nezokwenziwa4
Izithako Okufanele Uzigweme
Uma ufunela inja yakho ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, ungase ufise ukugwema ukudla okunommbila, ukolweni, irayisi, ibhali, noma soya okubalwe ezithakweni ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukugwema ngokuphelele lawa ma-carbohydrate ngaphandle uma inja yakho inokuzwela kuwo.
Ngezinye izikhathi odayi bokudla bayengezwa ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kukhange abantu kodwa akudingekile ezinjeni. Ushukela owengeziwe, ongafakwa ohlwini njengesiraphu yommbila, wengeza ukunambitheka kodwa nama-calories. Ushukela awudingekile ekudleni kwenja ngakho-ke ungase ufune ukuwugwema, ikakhulukazi uma inja yakho isengozini yesifo sikashukela noma ukukhuluphala.
Abanye abantu besaba ukuthi ama-synthetic preservatives ayingozi ezinjeni, kodwa abukho ubufakazi besayensi obusekela lokhu.5Kodwa-ke, uma ukhetha ukudla okungokwemvelo kwenja yakho, ungase ufise ukukhetha ukudla okunamaphilisi emvelo kuphela.
Izinhlobo Zokudla Kwezinja
Ukudla kwezinja ezithengiswayo bekuvamile kutholakala ngezinhlobo ezimanzi (kibble) noma ezomile (okusemathinini). Kodwa-ke, izitayela zesimanje zokudla okunomsoco ziye zaholela ekukhethweni okwengeziwe kwabazali bezilwane ezifuywayo, okuhlanganisa ukudla kwenja okusha (okufakwe esiqandisini noma okufriziwe) kanye namafomula aphelelwe amanzi (okuvame ukuba yiqhwa).
Ungakhetha uhlobo olulodwa lokudla lwenja yakho nomahlanganisa ukudla ndawonye, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyahlangabezana nezidingo zokudla kwenja yakho. Abalandeli bokudla kwemvelo bangase bathande ukudla okusha noma okusha okuqandisiwe ngoba kuvame ukuqukatha izithako zokudla okuphelele kanye namakhemikhali ambalwa (noma cha).
Ukucabangela Izidingo Zenja Eziqondile
Ukuze ukhethe ukudla okulungile kwenja yakho, cabangela izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa isigaba sempilo yenja yakho, uhlobo, nezinye izidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
Ukudla Okukhethekile Ngokweminyaka
I-AAFCO idinga ukudla kwezinja ezithengiswayo ukuthi kubhalwe ngokwesigaba sempilo. Imidlwane,izinja ezikhulelwe, futhi omama abancelisayo bonke badinga ama-kilojoule engeziwe nezakhamzimba ukuze basekele ukukhula. Lokhu kudla kuzoqukatha isitatimende esithi ukudla okokukhula, ukumitha/ukuncelisa, noma "zonke izigaba zokuphila." Ukudla okuthi “kokugcinwa” kuklanyelwe izinja esezikhule ngokugcwele kuphela.
Ukudla kwezinja eziphezulu akulawulwa yi-AAFCO, ngakho-ke awekho amazinga amisiwe okufanele ahlangabezane nawo. Ukudla okulebulwe ngezinja ezindala kuzohluka ngefomula kusuka komkhiqizo kuye komkhiqizo. Udokotela wakho wezilwane angase ancome ukudla kwenja ethile ephakeme ngoba kunephrofayili yezakhi eziklanyelwe ukusekela inja yakho esikhulile.
Ukudla Okukhethekile Kohlobo
Ezinye izinhlobo zokudla kwezinja zinamafomula athuthukiswe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo zezinja ezithile. Isibonelo, ukudla komdlwane wezinhlobo ezinkulu kungasiza ukulawula ukukhula ukuvimbela izinkinga ezithile zamathambo ukuthi zingathuthukiizinhlobo zezinja ezinkulu.6Izidlo zokunakekela izinhlobo ezinkulu zingasiza ukusekela amalunga lapho esekhulile.
Kukhona futhi ukudla okuqondiswe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinja. Ezinye zalezi zisebenzisa izindlela zokupheka ezithuthukiswe ngokwesayensi ukuphatha noma ukuvimbela izimo zempilo ezivamile ezibonwa ohlotsheni. Abanye bamane basebenzisa amasu okuthengisa ukuze bahehe abathengi. Buza udokotela wakho wezilwane ukuthi okunye kwalokhu kudla kungayisiza yini inja yakho.7
I-Health Condition-Specific Nutrition
Ezinye izinkampani zihlinzeka "ngokudla kwezilwane" noma "ukudla okunikezwa udokotela" okuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphatha isimo sezokwelapha, njengeisifo sezinsonoma izinkinga ze-urinary tract. Udokotela wakho wezilwane angase ancome okunye kwalokhu kudla uma kulungele inja yakho. Okuningi kwalokhu kudla okukhethekile kutholakala kuphela ukuze kuthengwe ngodokotela wakho wezilwane, kodwa ezinye izinkampani zenza amafomula “okuthengisiwe” angathengwa ezitolo ezivamile. Uma inja yakho inesimo sempilo, buza udokotela wezilwane ukuthi ukudla okukhethekile kungasiza yini.
Ukusebenza Kwezokudla
Izinja ezisebenzayo nabasubathi be-canine ababamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo yezinja, ukwelusa, noma ukuzingela bazodinga ama-calories engeziwe ukuze balondoloze isimo somzimba nokusebenza kokusekela. Okunye ukudla kubhalwe ukuthi “ukusebenza” noma ‘amandla aphezulu’ ngenxa yokuthi kuminyene kakhulu ngamakhalori nezakhamzimba, okuwenza afanelekele izinja ezikhuthele kakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kudla kungase kubangele ukukhuluphala uma izinga lomsebenzi wenja yakho lehla.
Ukufuna Iseluleko Sokudla Kwezinja
Umthombo ongcono kakhulu weseluleko sokudla okulungile ngudokotela wezilwane noma udokotela wezilwane owazi isilwane sakho. Isitolo sakho sasendaweni sezilwane ezifuywayo singase sibe usizo, kodwa asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sezincomo zakho zezilwane. Ungaphinda ukhulume nabafuyi bezinja, abaqeqeshi, kanye nabalungiseleli ukuze uthole imibono eyengeziwe, kodwa zilungiselele ukuthola izeluleko ezingqubuzanayo. Khumbula ukuthi akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumayo uma kuziwa ekudleni kwe-canine, futhi okufanayo kuya ngokukhuluma nabanye abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo. Khumbula ukuthi izinja ezahlukene zingasabela ngendlela ehlukile ekudleni okufanayo. Sebenzisa ulwazi olutholayo ukuze uqhubeke unciphise izinketho zakho, kodwa khumbula ukuthi imibono ayiwona amaqiniso.
Amathiphu Wokushintshela Ekudleni Kwezinja Okusha
Uma usukhethile ukudla kwenja, shintsha kancane kancane ukudla kwenja yakho, wengeze okunye ukudla okusha ekudleni okudala usuku ngalunye ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukucasuka kwamathumbu futhi kukuxwayise nganoma yikuphi ukuzwela okusha kokudla.
Umthetho omuhle wesithupha uwukondla ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudla okusha kanye nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokudala ukudla izinsuku ezintathu, bese kuba ingxenye nengxenye izinsuku ezintathu, bese kuba okubili kokuthathu okusha nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ubudala izinsuku ezintathu. Uma inja yakho yenza kahle phakathi nalolu shintsho, ungashintshela ekondleni ngokuphelele ukudla okusha. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezilwane uma inja yakho inokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma ingakuthandi ukudla.
Uma inja yakho idla ukudla okusha kuphela, kungase kuthathe amasonto ambalwa ukubona izinguquko ekubukekeni okuphelele kwenja yakho nesimo sengqondo. Nokho, uma inja yakho ikhulaizimpawu zokugula, bona udokotela wakho wezilwane. Ungase udinge ukushintsha ukudla futhi uma kungavumelani nenja yakho ngandlela thize.
Ukudla Kwenja Yakho Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Odokotela bezilwane abaningi bazokutshela ukuthi asikho isidingo sokushintsha ukudla kwenja yakho uma yenza kahle ekudleni okuthile. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukudla okuphendukisayo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha uma wondlaukudla kwenja yokuhweba, futhi lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukushintshela enkampanini entsha yokudla.
Ukondla ukudla okufanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi kungaba yisicefe kwezinye izinja, ngakho ukudla ngokushintshana kungase kube yisixazululo kwabadlayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okujikelezayo kunganciphisa izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhumbula ukudla kuyilapho abanye benomuzwa wokuthi kungavimbela ezinye izifo nezinye izifo.8Khumbula ukuthi izidingo zezinja ngazinye zingahluka futhi ochwepheshe abavumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezilwane mayelana nokudla okungcono kakhulu kwenja yakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2024